5种杀虫剂的烟青虫防治效果研究

５种杀虫剂对烟青虫的毒力试验表明：质量分数为８０％～８３％的高效氯氰菊酯和８６．７％的氰戊菊酯分别稀释２０００和１０００倍对烟青虫的防治效果较好，ＬＧ５０分别为０．０３２２ｕｇ．头＾－１和０．０５８２ｕｇ．头＾－１，久效磷和乙酰甲胺磷稀释１０００倍的效果次之，吡虫啉效果最差。     

几种杀螨剂对3种叶螨的毒力比较

作者于 1 996年对二斑叶螨 (TetranychusurticaeKoch)、朱砂叶螨 [T .cinnabarinus(Boisdural) ]和山楂叶螨 (T .viennensisZacher)进行了三氯杀螨醇、甲氰菊酯、哒螨酮、霸螨灵等 4种杀螨剂的毒力测定 ,并对 3种叶螨在LC50 和LC95水平上 ,比较了相互之间的毒力差别。结果表明 ,二斑叶螨的毒力最高 ,朱砂叶螨次之 ,山楂叶螨毒力最低。     

利用EPS-98软件进行药剂毒力分析

利用 EPS- 98软件进行药剂毒力分析 ,具有快捷、方便、功能多 ,提示式问答输入、可检查纠错、结果输出方式多样、输出结果直观易懂等优点 ,可直接获取优化毒力回归式及相关系数、L D5 0及其标准误和置信限、LD95及其标准误等结果     

Toxicology Test and Safety Evaluation of Cefquinome Sulfate Liposomes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of the cefquinome sulfate liposomes by using the acute toxicity test, local irritation test and chronic toxicity test. The results showed that the LD₅₀ of cefquinome sulfate liposomes was 639.73 mg/kg after intramuscular injection of its suspension and 95% confidence interval was 573.06 to 714.17 mg/kg. There was no significant stimulation to muscle. Subchronic toxicity test showed that the weight, haematological indexes and biochemical criterion of rabbits in variety dose had no significant difference compared with normal group (P>0.05). There was no visible pathological changes on the liver,kidney histology. According to pathological observation, the structure of liver and kidney were clear in treated and middle dose groups,but there existed disorganized hepatic cell cord in the liver and hemorrhag between glomerulopathy,tubulointerstitial and hepatic sinusoids in high dose group. All results proved that the cefquinome sulfate liposomes was safe and reliable based on the animal experiments.     

Extraction,Purification and Activity Analysis of Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli Isolated from Swine

In order to obtain higher purity and high yield of LPS isolated from Escherichia coli, and evaluate its virulence,excrement of diarrhea piglet was collected as pathological samples, of which, some strains of Escherichia coli were isolated and identified. And furthermore, a strain of Escherichia coli was acquired by 16S rDNA identification. The LPS from this strain of Escherichia coli was isolated with the hot-phenol water method and purified by DNaseⅠ, RNaseA, proteinase K treatment and alcohol precipitation. The polysaccharide, protein and nucleic acid content of purified LPS were detected by phenol-sulfuric acid method, Bradford method and UV points spectrophotometric method. And its bioactivity and acute median lethal dose was determinated by tachypleus amebocyte lysate (TAL) method and acute toxicity experiment method, respectively. The results showed that a strain of highly pathogenic Escherichia coli was successfully isolated. The average yield of purified LPS was 3.74%, the proportion of the polysaccharide was 13.40%, the protein was 0.48%, and the nucleic acid was 0.06%. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and silver stain showed that the bands were mainly concentrated in the range of 14 to 160 ku. The LAL bioactivity of the prepared LPS was 1.21×10⁷ EU/mg, LD₅₀ of the mouse abdominal cavity was 31.86 mg/kg. The results revealed that the diarrhea piglets in the farm was caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli,purified LPS from this strain of Escherichia coli had the advantages of higher purity, high yield and strong virulence, which would provide theoretical data for clinical prevention and treatment of diarrhea piglets.     

Amelioration of Aluminum Toxicity by Pretreatment with Phosphate in Aluminum‐Tolerant Rice Cultivar

Abstract

The phytotoxicity of aluminum (Al) in relation to preculture with phosphates was examined in the rice cultivar Arkansas fortuna. In plants precultured with phosphates, Al did not inhibit shoot growth, while Al retarded shoot growth in plants precultured without phosphates. In contrast, Al inhibited root elongation, irrespective of the presence of phosphates in the preculture solution. A large proportion of the Al in roots was in unknown, insoluble forms. In phosphate‐precultured plants, Al deposition was slightly increased, presumably due to the formation of aluminum phosphates in the roots, and phosphorus levels in shoots were markedly increased. Binding with phosphates may ameliorate the toxicity of Al when it enters the shoots and account for the uninhibited shoot growth in the presence of Al in plants precultured with phosphates.     

大田常用农药对家蚕的熏蒸毒性测试

为减少粮桑混栽地区大田使用农药不当对蚕桑生产造成的损失,采用密闭熏蒸法测定了7种大田常用农药对家蚕的熏蒸毒性。在30℃环境中经过24 h,对2龄起蚕的LC50:敌敌畏0.1860 mg/m3,敌畏.毒1.3241 mg/m3,毒死蜱48.4111 mg/m3,氟腈.唑磷139.8818 mg/m3,三唑磷161.1514 mg/m3,氟虫腈208.330 mg/m3,吡虫啉333.330mg/m3时2龄起蚕仍无中毒症状。在25℃下经过24 h,对2龄起蚕的LC50:敌敌畏0.2020 mg/m3,敌畏.毒3.7282mg/m3,毒死蜱91.3669 mg/m3。结果表明:农药对家蚕的熏蒸毒性随着温度的升高而增强;敌敌畏、敌畏.毒对家蚕的熏蒸毒性最强,毒死蜱有一定的熏蒸毒性,三唑磷、氟腈.唑磷、氟虫腈、吡虫啉对家蚕的熏蒸毒性较小。     

T-2毒素研究进展

T-2毒素是污染我国饲料的主要霉菌毒素,主要危害动物的造血组织和免疫器官,引起出血性综合征,出现白细胞减少、贫血,使胃肠道功能受损等,对畜禽健康和畜牧业生产的危害很大.本文主要从T-2毒素的一般性质、产毒菌株、毒性效应、毒性机制及预防控制等方面作了论述.     

玉米赤霉烯酮的代谢、毒性及其预防措施

玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)是由镰孢属真菌产生的类雌激素毒素.由于气候条件不同,食品和饲料中ZEA浓度差异很大(从几个mg/kg至几千个mg/kg).本文综述了ZEA的吸收、代谢和生物转化机制,ZEA的生殖毒性、细胞毒性、免疫毒性和遗传毒性,并且从预防土壤中镰孢菌及其相关霉菌的污染、收获和收获后真菌毒素的控制、污染颗粒的物理...     

茶粕渣急性毒性评价

采用急性经口毒性试验方法对茶粕渣的毒性进行了评价,为茶粕渣能否作为一种新型饲料原料被养殖所利用奠定了基础。试验证明,茶粕渣在5500mg/kg体重的剂量下具有极低毒性反应,并且无死亡。根据剂量进行毒性分级,属于实际无毒的毒性等级,初步认为茶粕渣有用做饲料原料的潜力。